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案例一：豐(feng)田汽車精(jing)細流(liu)程

從時間(jian)及空間(jian)上(shang)(shang)，重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)規劃企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)作(zuo)流程，以(yi)提高(gao)客戶(hu)滿意度，是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊迫任(ren)務，要(yao)么(me)重(zhong)構，要(yao)么(me)被淘汰(tai)，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)已經站在精(jing)細供應鏈管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)十字(zi)路口。日本(ben)豐(feng)田(tian)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)與零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)家(jia)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)距(ju)離(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)95.3km，日產(chan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)與零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)距(ju)離(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)183.3km，克(ke)萊斯(si)勒公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)875.3km，福特公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)818.8km，通(tong)(tong)用公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)687.2km。從各(ge)(ge)大汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)到各(ge)(ge)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)距(ju)離(li)可以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)，合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)布局起著十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。豐(feng)田(tian)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)這種(zhong)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)距(ju)離(li)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)，充分地轉化為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)理上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)。該公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)家(jia)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)每天向(xiang)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)發(fa)運(yun)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)8次以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，每周(zhou)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)42次。美(mei)國(guo)通(tong)(tong)用汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)運(yun)頻率僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)每天1.5 次，每周(zhou)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7.5次。顯然，日本(ben)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)存貨成(cheng)本(ben)要(yao)低于(yu)美(mei)國(guo)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)。由于(yu)豐(feng)田(tian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)協作(zuo)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)離(li)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)相距(ju)較近，這給(gei)各(ge)(ge)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理人員(yuan)、工程技術人員(yuan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相互溝通(tong)(tong)帶來(lai)便利。豐(feng)田(tian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)與零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)人員(yuan)年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)面對面的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通(tong)(tong)次數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7236人/天，通(tong)(tong)用公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1107人/天。豐(feng)田(tian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)這種(zhong)頻繁的(de)(de)(de)(de)人員(yuan)交(jiao)流為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)總(zong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廠(chang)和零(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充分溝通(tong)(tong)和協作(zuo)打(da)造了條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，便于(yu)雙方解決(jue)在新(xin)(xin)車(che)型開(kai)發(fa)、技術改造和生(sheng)產(chan)中遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，從而加快新(xin)(xin)產(chan)品開(kai)發(fa)、提高(gao)產(chan)品質量，并降低經營(ying)成(cheng)本(ben)。

當運(yun)貨(huo)(huo)卡車(che)還未(wei)到(dao)達工廠大門之前(qian)，安裝在(zai)車(che)上的基于(yu)衛星全球定(ding)位(wei)技術的移動數據終端，很(hen)快將卡車(che)即將到(dao)來的消息(xi)傳遞到(dao)工廠的計(ji)算機系(xi)統(tong)，同時(shi)下(xia)載指(zhi)令指(zhi)引(yin)司機到(dao)正(zheng)確的卸(xie)貨(huo)(huo)區。當卡車(che)駛入工廠大門時(shi)，計(ji)算機系(xi)統(tong)自動記錄(lu)下(xia)所裝貨(huo)(huo)物的品種和數量，并使得零部(bu)件恰巧(qiao)在(zai)需要時(shi)的前(qian)幾分(fen)鐘(zhong)就(jiu)到(dao)達裝配線上……豐田汽車(che)還通(tong)過信息(xi)的實時(shi)溝通(tong)，實現(xian)了零庫存的目標。

精(jing)細(xi)供應(ying)鏈管理打造了(le)豐(feng)田(tian)汽車行業(ye)的神話(hua)。

案例(li)二：中(zhong)國石油電子商(shang)務

石(shi)油石(shi)化企(qi)業的(de)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)管理體制(zhi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)計劃經(jing)濟時代，采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)管理存在(zai)4個方面的(de)不(bu)(bu)合理：首先是(shi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)業務流程被拉(la)長，環(huan)節增多，效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)(di)下，為中(zhong)間商層(ceng)層(ceng)加價(jia)、從中(zhong)牟利(li)打造(zao)了條件；其(qi)(qi)次，同(tong)類物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)由(you)各(ge)(ge)地區(qu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)自行采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，不(bu)(bu)能形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)批量優勢，被供應商各(ge)(ge)個擊(ji)破，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益(yi)流失(shi)，在(zai)進口物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)中(zhong)，國(guo)際市場上少(shao)數(shu)占據主導地位的(de)供應商在(zai)應對中(zhong)國(guo)石(shi)油各(ge)(ge)地區(qu)公(gong)(gong)司(si)時，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)結成(cheng)(cheng)價(jia)格(ge)同(tong)盟，抬高(gao)價(jia)格(ge)；再次，在(zai)買方市場中(zhong)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)供應商各(ge)(ge)種銷售手(shou)段無所不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)極，采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)中(zhong)容易(yi)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)暗箱操作，產生腐敗；同(tong)時，石(shi)油石(shi)化物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)數(shu)量大，動輒數(shu)千萬元(yuan)、數(shu)億元(yuan)乃至十多億元(yuan)的(de)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)占用(yong)(yong)，如采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)傳統方式采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)，資(zi)(zi)金(jin)周轉(zhuan)緩慢(man)，效(xiao)率(lv)低(di)(di)下。因此，運用(yong)(yong)現代信(xin)息技術(shu)，變革(ge)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)管理體制(zhi)和業務流程，達(da)到降(jiang)低(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本,提(ti)高(gao)公(gong)(gong)司(si)整體效(xiao)益(yi)，進而提(ti)高(gao)公(gong)(gong)司(si)價(jia)值的(de)目(mu)的(de)，是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)石(shi)油的(de)內在(zai)需求。

建立(li)電子商務(wu)網站，通(tong)過電子商務(wu)整(zheng)合(he)內部物資(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)與產(chan)品銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，對提升整(zheng)個(ge)中(zhong)國(guo)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)管理水(shui)平也(ye)有(you)著重要意義。首(shou)(shou)先(xian)，作為(wei)一(yi)家脫(tuo)胎(tai)于傳(chuan)統國(guo)有(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的上市公司(si)(si)(si)，中(zhong)國(guo)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)需要引入大石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)公司(si)(si)(si)通(tong)行(xing)(xing)的管理理念和管理方法，以此(ci)提高公司(si)(si)(si)管理水(shui)平，而(er)此(ci)時，知名的大石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)公司(si)(si)(si)普(pu)遍采(cai)(cai)用(yong)了電子商務(wu)的手(shou)段，對其采(cai)(cai)購(gou)和銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)進行(xing)(xing)更有(you)效的管理，收到(dao)了良(liang)好的效果；其次，中(zhong)國(guo)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)的油(you)(you)氣操作成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)要降下來，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)傳(chuan)統手(shou)段，在生(sheng)產(chan)領(ling)域(yu)里降低成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的難(nan)度越來越大，需要找到(dao)降低成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的新(xin)途(tu)徑，而(er)電子商務(wu)可以有(you)效地整(zheng)合(he)物資(zi)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)與產(chan)品銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)，改造管理和運(yun)行(xing)(xing)流(liu)程(cheng)，減少中(zhong)間環節，堵塞漏洞，在采(cai)(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)享受(shou)批量優惠，從而(er)達到(dao)節約(yue)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的目的；第三，中(zhong)國(guo)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)首(shou)(shou)先(xian)在石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開(kai)展(zhan)電子商務(wu)，在業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)計劃、選擇戰略(lve)合(he)作伙(huo)伴等方面(mian)首(shou)(shou)先(xian)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，能夠搶占行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的市場先(xian)機。

建設中(zhong)國特(te)色的(de)供(gong)應鏈信(xin)息(xi)處理(li)通用平(ping)臺、實現(xian)供(gong)應鏈的(de)電子商(shang)務化，關(guan)鍵是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)在轉變傳統(tong)管理(li)和(he)經營理(li)念的(de)基礎上(shang)，必須在流通領(ling)域(yu)及其相關(guan)領(ling)域(yu)切實做到信(xin)息(xi)資(zi)源共享。